Phone Tapping Essay Example

Phone Tapping Paper A Characteristic of Orwell’s Big Brother? Communication makes the world what it is. Without communication, people would virtually be in total isolation from one another and with events around the world. Telephones play an integral role in providing this much-needed communication. Telephones also permit people the freedom to say what they wish to others on a confidential basis, without any risk of witnesses. This freedom allows releases that many people believe no one can take away. Most people take this freedom for granted and overlook the fact that the government can, under certain restricted conditions, take it away by phone tapping. Phone tapping is the secret monitoring of a conversation by a third party. Where some may argue that phone tapping is necessary, that argument is misleading and incorrect in many aspects. Many argue that phone tapping is an invasion of privacy. Nowhere in the Constitution is the word privacy mentioned, implying that, â€Å"Privacy is a value or ideal in society,† (McCloskey) but not a right. This is one argument in support of phone tapping. While some claim that the Constitution supports this argument, sections of the Constitution actually provide reasons why this argument is incorrect (Browne). Those guidelines imply that Americans have the right to privacy, because there would be no point for laws to protect privacy if privacy was not a right. However, the Bill of Rights does not explicitly say the word privacy but it implies and defends privacy within multiple amendments including the Fourth and the Tenth. The Fourth Amendment clearly states, â€Å"Without probable cause and a search warrant, the government cannot search or seize your house or belongings. † (United States Constitution. ). The right to not to have one’s personal property and belongings searched, is a guideline that defines privacy. We will write a custom essay sample on Phone Tapping specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Phone Tapping specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Phone Tapping specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Tenth Amendment states, â€Å"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states, or to the people. † (United States Constitution. ). This means the government has no power or right to invade our privacy or do anything that it not specifically sanctioned in the Constitution (Browne). Therefore, concerning the invasion of privacy by phone tapping, the government has no right under any circumstances to tap any phone for any means without probable cause. Government phone tapping is said to be a key approach to staying one-step ahead of criminals and terrorists (â€Å"Bush Defends. †). The major problem with this argument is the enemy usually is too smart for phone tapping! Most often, terrorists and criminals are able to devise huge schemes to break the law without being caught. It is rather naive to assume that simple phone tapping will put roadblocks in their plans. Criminals and terrorists sometimes know the government’s plans and often they are aware of what the government is trying to do to discover their criminal acts and terroristic plots (Levy). For example, most terrorists and criminals assume their home phones are tapped and therefore they do not use them to plan their attacks or crimes (Finder). If phone calls need to be made, they normally are made off the premises or in public places. Therefore, phone tapping is too elementary to counteract their plans. Getting a court order to phone tap every public phone, for the possibility that a terrorist may use it, is quite trivial because that possibility is hardly probable enough to gain multiple phone tapping warrants (Hollingsworth and Mayes). When a phone is tapped, someone has to listen to every conversation, carefully listening for suspicious details or plans. This takes bodies away from more promising and pressing leads that quite possibly could uncover corrupt and illegal plans. In turn this actually results in phone tapping possibly aiding in criminal acts as opposed to hindering them (Levy). This idea that phone tapping aids in staying ahead of the criminals is too nominal to be considered an argument. It seems that the government is desperate to defend phone tapping so it devised this argument. Furthermore, the results that government sponsored phone-tapping produce are so marginal, it seems that spending time and money on it is futile (Levy). The government taps phones to discover evidence about a certain topic. Data mining is a system that aids in phone tapping: once a phone is tapped, all the conversations are data-mined to show trends which the government analyzes to decipher which phone records to dissect (Levy). The evidence discovered by data-mining and phone tapping only leads to more leads, meaning that intercepting evidence may identify a criminal or a suspect but most often does not lead any to incriminating evidence (Morgan and Padley). This poses a major problem. The government cannot risk picking which lead to pursue or not to pursue, and consequently they have to pursue every lead. This is extremely time consuming and if the lead turns out to be a dead end, all that time and money was wasted (Levy). Government phone tapping has so many drawbacks, is it not worth the trouble when the results barely ever produce incriminating evidence. The only legal way for the government to tap a phone is to obtain judicial authorization through a warrant (Gittlen). This system mandates collaboration between the National Security Agency and the federal courts, and forces the agency to have reasonable, coherent evidence to obtain the warrant as stated in a law developed in 1978 (Ashenfelter). Besides the National Security Agency and the judicial branch, communication companies are also involved in phone tapping. Legally, communication companies must aid in government phone taps when presented with a warrant (Ashenfelter). While communication companies are required by law to assist in warranted phone tapping, some phone companies have been assisting in phone tapping regardless of the presence of a warrant, claiming it is better to help them then to let the government do the tapping themselves (Gittlen). A serious question arises when an issue of national security is involved as to whether the government should be allowed to tap a telephone without first getting judicial authorization. The government’s most simple, but most crucial job is to protect its people and their rights at all costs. Currently, the United States is fighting a war on terrorism which threatens those rights. If the government is fighting to preserve those rights, how can the government rationalize encroaching or even suspending our basic rights for periods of time to guarantee their survival (Stephen)? The government’s own actions are conflicting with our basic rights which is what our country is supposedly fighting to defend (Finder). How can the government fight actions that threaten national security, when they themselves are doing the same things? The freedoms promised by the Constitution need to be present and permitted at all times. Subsequently, phone tapping encroaches on those freedoms making it unconstitutional. The claim that the suspension of our basic rights to ensure their survival is pure fabrication. Government phone tapping is an issue that has numerous aspects to it. As with all arguments, many people quickly judge without looking at the big picture. However, experts on the subject can see that phone tapping is both unnecessary and unconstitutional. Phone conversations are something that are held sacred to the public and are a basic right according to the Constitution. Under no circumstance, even desperation is the government allowed to break its laws. Works Cited Ashenfelter, David, comp. Bushs Wiretap Program Gets a Weeks Reprieve. Detroit Free Press 28 Sept. 2006, sec. DN. LexisNexis Academic. McClatchy-Tribune News Service. Marywood University, Scranton, PA. 22 Mar. 2007. Browne, Harry. Does the Constitution Contain a Right to Privacy? 9 May 2003. Google Scholar. Marywood University, Scranton, PA. 22 Mar. 2007. Keyword: Phone tapping Privacy. Bush Defends Phone-Tapping Policy. BBC News. 19 Dec. 2005. 27 Mar. 2007 . Finder, Joseph. Tap Dance. The New Republic os 215 (1996): 14+. Wilson Web. Marywood University, Scranton, PA. 22 Mar. 2007. Keyword: government phone tapping. Gittlen, Sandra. How Do the Feds Tap Phone Lines? Network World 13 Feb. 2006. Google Scholar. Marywood University, Scranton, PA. 25 Mar. 2007. Keyword: federal phone tapping. Hollingsworth, Mark, and Tessa Mayes, comps. The Case is Notable for One Thing He Got Caught. The Guardian (London) 19 Mar. 2007, Final ed. : 8. LexisNexis Academic. Marywood University, Scranton, PA. Levy, Stephen. Only the Beginning? Newsweek 22 May 2006: 33. Wilson Web. Marywood University, Scranton, PA. 25 Mar. 2007. Keyword: Phone Tapping National Security. McCloskey, H J. The Political Ideal of Privacy. The Philosophical Quarterly 21 (1971): 303- 314. JSTOR. Marywood University, Scranton, PA. 24 Mar. 2007. Keyword: phone tapping. Morgan, Vivienne, and Ben Padley, comps. Using Phone-Tap Evidence Would Increase Convictions' The Press Association Limited 16 Mar. 2007, sec. PN. LexisNexis Academic. Marywood University, Scranton, PA. 22 Mar. 2007. Keyword: government phone tapping. Stephen, Andrew. A Nation Left Unprotected. New Statesman 5 Nov. 2001: 13-14. Wilson Web. Marywood University. 22 Mar. 2007. Keyword: Federal Phone Tapping. United States Constitution. Legal Information Institute. 2006. Cornell Law School. 25 Mar. 2007.

Becoming A Man essays

Becoming A Man essays A Day No Pigs Would Die is a story that Robert Peck wrote to show the reader his adolescent life, fate, and the journey from boyhood to manhood. Peck leads the reader through the intricate web of his youth, almost as though he were a stitching needle. The author makes sure not to miss a single stomach pumping detail, leaving the reader, well, not quite wanting more. As a young Shaker boy, Robert lived with his mother Lucy, father Haven, and his aunt carrie. The novel begins with a vivid scene in which he helps bring a calf into the world up on the ridge above their farm. The mother seemed to have been posessed by some force of the underworld, causing her, her calf, and Rob a great deal of pain. Robert learns at an early age the value of a simple life, hard work, and a strict moral code. While other boys his age spend their time playing, Robert helps his father on the farm and does his own daily chores, while raising a pig in hopes of supplementing the family income. The role fate plays in this story is Robert's future, and how he will make a living. He is destined to become a farmer just like his father, on the same land he grew up on. He knows that when his father dies, he will become the man of the house, and he will be in charge of his mother and his aunt. Robert would like very much to become famous, but he is resticted in that it is against his religion. Robert grows up feeling this constant sense of predestination, with his whole life planned out before his eyes only making him feel even more the urge to break free and live free. Robert's father becomes ill with a lung disease, and does all he can to help his son be ready to be the head of their household. Haven develops a cough, and eventually has to start sleeping out in the barn with the animals since it is warmer there, and he is worried about his wife becoming ill aswell. After a few years of preparation and rigorous teaching, Haven does not wake up one morning o...

Mapping the Route Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mapping the Route - Essay Example It can be hard to leave what you are familiar with, and I really admire the owners of the supermarket and knew that they would not be happy to see me go, however it was time to decide on my own. I set a goal of satisfactorily completing a single semester at a local college, just to measure if I could manage it, and much to my surprise I not only finished the semester, I got a credit as well. I got a lot of courage in in this accomplishment, and it actually was not easy, however it afforded me the courage I needed to set life time goals. I realized that I was very good at sciences and how the human body functions. I am now near to complete my diploma in clinical Sciences, having maintained my position as the top student the entire period, and I finally understand that I am being a good model to my son that I always imagined when I was restocking the shelves at the supermarket. I am now planning to take my skills to the next level by pursuing a degree in clinical medicine at University. It is my goal after completing to become a medical officer serving lower income and marginalized communities. I am a naturally a kind person, and due to my lower socio-economic upbringing and life experience, I can relate easily to individuals who may not be willing to go to doctors whom they think as different from them, however whose services they require. I can assist to fill that gap, and thereby encourage more individuals to really get help that they need in a suitable environment. My zeal to my education is sound and I know that, if given the opportunity, I will be able to pass well, and graduate with the education and experience I will require to develop my career as a medical practitioner. I am much relieved and happy to know that I have realized by dream career, and I am ready to start this next level of my education. Obviously the next two years will not be easy- requiring schedules and time management skills – however I

Freedom Writers Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Freedom Writers - Movie Review Example This movie is realistic even in today’s life whereby in most schools, students often group themselves according to their race or living standards, family backgrounds, and the groups think they are the untouchables of the school. The life events that make it real are the racial groups and classes, the gang fights that break out in schools, students opposing a new teacher and the school and department heads opposing the teaching ways of a new teacher(DeVito, Shamberg, &Sher, 2007). The most important thing that Erin learned about the students is that they only needed someone to understand where they have come from, their feelings, and experiences of being abused, evicted and watching their friends (DeVito, Shamberg, &Sher, 2007). Die the most important thing that the students learned from Erin was that she was not just an ordinary teacher but she was determined to change and reform their behaviors and their way of thinking. The writing of the movie played a very crucial role since it makes it easily accessible. The writing is realistic and many people can benefit from it. The main idea of the movie is to enhance understanding between teachers and students (DeVito, Shamberg, &Sher, 2007). The movie portrays that every teacher has his or her own way to instill discipline and win the trust of the students. I would highly recommend this movie to someone else since it is very educative both to the students and to teachers in order to produce disciplined and hardworking students.

Food Service Company Profile and Analysis Research Paper

Food Service Company Profile and Analysis - Research Paper Example This paper highlights the history and development of the company. It also analyzes the market conditions of the company, giving its strategies. This paper briefly analyzes the menu of the company, its human resource strategies and sources of finances. It has a conclusion, which provides a critique of the organization's strategies, and business operations. In 1968, Charley Woodsby and Bill Darden came up with an idea of forming the restaurant. By then, the name of the company was Harbor for Sea Food Lovers. It was the first restaurant in Florida, Lakers, and it opened other branches in the State. This happened in the periods of 1970s, and back then, their main competitor was a restaurant by the name of Kitchen Stove. The company was successful in introducing fresh and new delicacies to their customers. These fresh dishes became popular, and this accelerated the growth of the company, and in the 1980s, the company made its presence in Canada. However, its Canadian experience was not good; this is because the company made lots of losses. The competition was stiff in Canada, and due to poor strategies and lack of sufficient market information, the company was forced to close some of its branches in Quebec, Canada. This happened in September 1997. In 1995, Red Lobster, Olive Garden, and Bahama Breeze were integrated as part of the Darden Restaurants Inc. Joe Lee was then in charge as the Chief Executive Officer, and later on, he handed the company to Clarence Otis. The company is passionate about seafood, and over the years, the company has initiated the culture of innovation for the purposes of introducing and developing new menus that will satisfy the needs of its customers.   The company provides a conducive environment for dining and celebrations. It is devoted to producing high-quality services, and seafood products.

Disabilities, communication, disorders and giftedness

Disabilities, communication, disorders and giftedness This paper is design to create an understanding of learning disabilities, communication disorders, dual diagnosis as well as giftedness. In addition to the establishment of producing a positive learning environment for children with impairments will maximize their achievement. To understand each type of disability mention above we should look at the characteristics, causes, and definitions of each form of disability and disorder to better enhance the learning environment for both the student and the teacher. As a special educator, it is an imperative aspect to stay abreast of all disorders we come in contact with to produce a quality education for all those involved. For many students with disabilities and for those without, the key success in the classroom lies in having adaptation, accommodations and modifications made to the curriculum and instruction and other classroom activities. Learning Disabilities There are many definitions of learning disabilities. However, the most use comes from Individuals with Disability in Education Act (IDEA). It defines learning disabilities as various cognitive or psychological disorders that impede the ability to learn, especially on that interferes with ability to learn math or develop languages skills (listening, reading, writing, and speaking) (IDEA 2004). Some characteristics of learning disabilities are children having a deficits in the area of reading and written language that cannot make connection with similar concepts in learning math (cannot connect 3 + 5 = 8 when asked 5 + 8 equals), difficulty in thinking in sequential or logical order, having behaviors in the area of not being organized and losses things. No one is exactly sure what causes learning disabilities. Experts are not sure to the causes. The differences in how a persons brain works and how it process information can be from brain damage, heredity, problem during pregnancy and the environment the person lives in. Currently there is a prevalence figure of 45.3% of school- aged children in the United States classified as having a specific learning disability and receive some kind of special education support (United States Office of Special Education, 2007a). Communication Disorders Communication Disorders is the speech and language disorders that relate area such as oral and motor function. It can be verbal, nonverbal or a combination of both. It revolves three components; sender, message and receiver. Language (the system of symbols used to express and receive meaning) is a factor in each element of the process; speech (the systematic production of sound) is a factor in verbal communication. . Communication disorders include speech disorders of articulation, fluency, and voice, and language disorders. It may range from simple sound repetitions, such as stuttering, to occasional misarticulation of word and complete inability to use speech and language communication. A child who is language impaired should show skills in the primary language that are below those expected for his/her chronological age. The prevalence of language deficits in the school-age population in the United States is approximately 2.5%. and 50% of children who receive special education services from other disabilities (Hall et al., 2001). An understanding of normal patterns of language acquisition is an important part of identifying children with language disorders and developing remediation programs for them. It also involves screening, evaluating, diagnosing and making appropriate placement decisions. Giftedness Gifted children may show outstanding abilities in a variety of area including intellectual, academic aptitude, creative thinking, leadership and the visual and performing arts. They also show the ability to find and solve problems quickly. The full development of the gifted student depends on his or her environmental context, strong encouragement, and support from the family and social groups (Sydney Marland 1972). Longitudinal studies of gifted children indicated that most of them are healthy and well adjusted and achieve well into adulthood, with some exceptions that are underachievers. Teaching cognitive strategies, problem finding, problem solving, and creativity are some characteristics that special programs focus on for gifted students. Effective problem finding and problem solving skills depend on the individuals flexible use of his or her knowledge, structure and creativity. In addition, it depends on the capacity for divergent thinking, a willingness to be different and strong motivation. Underachievers have feeling of inferiority, expectation of failure and low self confidence. The prevalence of giftedness is approximately 10% to 55% of the school-age population of children who are identified (Gagne, 2003; Renzulli Reis, 2003). To uncover the abilities of children who come from cultural subgroups, special identification methods and procedures that depend less on prior knowledge and experience and more on reasoning and creative thinking are necessary. Children with physical and sensory handicaps can be intellectually gifted, but often their abilities are undiscovered because educators do not search for their special talents. Dual Diagnosis Fredericks Baldwin (1987) suggested that the term dual diagnosis be used with great care, mental health disorders is one disability with secondary characteristics growing out of the lack of environmental input that is from the sensory disability. Unfortunately, some children with certain impairments struggle in class and have behavior problems. Often these conditions may be a result from having to struggle in class and the emotional health of the child may be cause by attention deficit disorder (ADD) or Attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD). However, IDEA has a problem in the number of children that qualify as a disabled. Furthermore, Pinborough-Zimmerman, Satterfield, Miller, Bilder, Hossain and MaMohn (2007) findings confirm that 6.3% of school aged children were receiving speech therapy services and co-concurring conditions like intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorder and emotional behavior disorders. In the public school system the numbers have a grave implica tion to provide essential service for these children. Curriculum There should be a differentiation curriculum to serve all learners, regardless of ability, disability, age, gender or cultural and linguistic background. Curriculum should be modified appropriately. First there should be modification of learning disabilities in the area of math, reading and language. In communication disorders the teacher should make sure she speak with students with impairment the same way he/she speak to the regular education students. The curriculums for gifted students are lesson, assignments, and schedule modification are lesson generated toward higher order of thinking, content modification, and encourage group interaction. Some theorists also suggest that curriculum need to be in terms of the learning environment. The key features of educating a child with any disability or disorder is to focus on tailoring the curriculum in the areas of strengths, weaknesses, needs, interest, ability and characteristic of the child. It is important to understand the differences in order to indentify, assess, evaluate and remediate the student. Conclusion Finally, the important of regular teachers and special educators are arm with the knowledge, training and information in regards to disabilities. Students with communication disorders, giftedness, and also any other learning disabilities can learn and be successful in academics. Professional can prepare curriculum and appreciate the vital features of services for special need students. By modifying lessons for student and giving accommodations to these students with other classroom activities.

Coputers In Modern Society :: essays research papers

Coputers In Modern Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Looking around at daily life, I noticed a pattern of computer oriented devices that make life easier and allow us to be lazier. These devices are in most daily activities ranging from waking up to an alarm clock that is computerized to watching the news before going to bed on a computerized television. All of these computerized facets of our society help to increase our daily productivity and help us to do whatever it is we need to accomplish in the day. The computer age is upon us and it will continue to grow in influence until society revolves around it daily without need for improvement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In personal computers, the industry has began to create faster machines that can store much more information. For speed, the internal microprocessor has been tweaked to perform at high rates of speed. One such microprocessor is the Intel Pentium chip that is the fastest commercial microprocessor on the market. In addition to internal speed and to allow faster hook- up to the Internet, faster telephone lines, most notably the fiber optic lines, have been added, for an extra charge, to transfer data about 4 times faster than conventional phone lines (about 28,000 bits per second has been quadrupled to about 128,000 bits per second. As speed enhances, memory and storage space is needed to hold excess information. EDO RAM is a new, faster memory module that helps transfer RAM data twice as fast as normal RAM. For long term storage of large amounts of data, hard drives have been under a constant upgrade of performance, and it is not uncommon to find hard drives about 8-9 gigabytes on the market.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Along with technology, an ease of use factor has been instilled in the modern day PC's. The most notable ease of use enhancement is a GUI(Graphical User Interface), which allows the user to see a choice instead of reading about the choice. This is accomplished by using pictures and windows to simplify the choices. Windows 95 and the Macintosh OS both use GUI to simplify use. Another change in technology has been in almost putting manufacturing of typewriters into extinction. Offices are more and more turning to computers instead of typewriters because the computers integrate many office tasks in one machine, most notably the use of word processors. With the use of word processors on a computer comes the use of spell check which is only offered on a few typewriters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most growing part of the computer-oriented world is the Internet. It allows users to send electronic mail (E-mail), faster and more conveniently